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The Supervision of Immigration and Asylum Appeals in the UK – Taking Stock
“This article examines the ways in which the decisions of immigration and asylum tribunals in the UK can be challenged. It argues that recent legislative reforms continue a trend of restriction that threatens to undermine the fair and effective procedures that are essential if the individual rights contained in instruments like the Refugee Convention are to continue to have practical effects. The sort of challenge under consideration, known as ‘onward appeal’, is brought against a determination that is itself the outcome of a tribunal set up to hear appeals against UK Border Agency decisions. According to the traditional administrative justice paradigm in the UK, such challenges are initially dealt with by a second-tier tribunal, followed by an avenue of appeal to the higher courts. Taking account of the policy reasons that underpin legislative reform in the UK, and the wider context of EU and ECHR standards of effective judicial protection, this article attempts to offer a fully contextualised analysis of law reform in this highly specialised and contentious field. Drawing on an empirical research study into the impact of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004, and in light of further reforms introduced in 2010 following the Tribunals Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, the article examines three critical aspects of the reforms to onward appeals: time limits for submission of such appeals, the legal grounds for review, and the structure of higher court supervision. “
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“In this paper, we analyse whether having inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic friendships can be associated with a shorter duration of unemployment, comparing Turkish migrants and native residents in Germany. This allows us to examine the degree to which the returns from bridging and bonding social capital differ for the two groups. On the basis of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) data, we find that for native Germans, intra-ethnic friendships shorten the duration of spells of unemployment, whereas inter-ethnic friendships do not. For the Turkish migrants, inter-ethnic friendships reduce the duration of unemployment, whereas intra-ethnic friendships do not. In other words, only friendships with German natives facilitate the transition to employment, but in particular for Turkish migrants. This effect is largest for migrants with a low level of education.”
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“The last 50 years of emigration history in Turkey indicate that the migratory flows of Turkish citizens have consecutively become a part of various migratory systems. In this essay, our main aims are twofold. First, we attempt to document the dynamics and mechanism of project-tied migration from Turkey to the Russian Federation, focusing in particular on the case of project-tied workers migrating from Turkey to Moscow. Second, this effort intends to elaborate on the research on migratory systems between Turkey and the former communist countries of Eastern Europe and Central and Northern Asian countries, mainly referring to macro-, micro- and meso-level factors affecting the relevant migration systems. In this paper, in which we tackle the various migration systems with which Turkey is involved, we conclude by arguing that parallel to the new migration patterns that have been experienced throughout the post-Soviet geographies, the internalization process of Turkish constructors within the changing dynamics of Turkish foreign policy has widened the direction of the migration flows from Turkey by introducing new migrant worker profiles to different regions. In this sense, short-term labour migrants, shuttle traders and in particular project-tied migrant workers show not only the important role that migrants may play in the shift towards a market-based economy in the Russian Federation, but also how they have become crucial actors of the migration system between Turkey and Russia.”
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“The ongoing economic crisis has shifted much of the policy debate to problems of financial sector regulation, productive capacity collapse, among others. However, this leaves unattended the real situation with labour migration, which directly impacts social and economic inner components of being of millions of individual families across the world. The somewhat ad hoc nature of the process poses several policy issues for the home and host economies alike. Immediate concerns relate to streamlining migrants and remittances flows. This involves sensitive aspects of inequality in migrant workers’ labour efforts vis-à-vis domestic workers; migrants’ social and legal status; and less obvious, but still profound, unproductive misallocation of labour resources. Derived from this premise and recognizing the need for an institutional approach, this paper offers alternative policy solutions to temporary labour migration regulation. This research’s original propositions include a Diaspora Regulatory Mechanism and a Migration Development Bank, both operating within a state-managed temporary labour migration regime. Fiscal action, including multilateral agreements, is crucial. The functionality of these mechanisms will directly impact infrastructure, human capital and entrepreneurial projects development in both home and host economies. Discussion is inspired by the analysis of actual circumstances in the economies of the Commonwealth of Independent States, where migration is a social, economic, and increasingly political issue. In the interlinked world, diasporas become dominant actors across all society strata. The development plateau of the post-socialist states offers a rich economic and social soil to conduct responsible policy with future outlook. Moreover, conditions of ongoing economic crisis offer a unique opportunity for daring research to propose and for a motivated decisionmaker to implement original, proactive, and beneficial policy solutions aimed at streamlining the (temporary) labour migration process. This paper contributes to the emerging literature on topics of diaspora, labour migration, and remittance flows.”
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“In common with many other developing states, the Jamaican government has recently sought to institutionalize relations with its diaspora in order to enhance its development potential. I explore the initiative in this paper. I begin with a definition of diaspora, in which I argue for the need to recognize the multiple meanings of the term, especially as they relate to migrant communities that do not follow the pattern of forced migration. Using Itzigsohn’s distinction between “narrow” and “broad” formations (see Itzigsohn et al., 1999), I argue that analysis of the operation of diaspora–state relations can only occur meaningfully using the narrow definition. This is followed by an examination of recent literature on diaspora–state relations, which provides a necessary context for the Jamaican case study. In the second section, I provide background to the 2004 initiative, showing that there was a clear progression from concern about the experiences of returned residents to an engagement with Jamaicans residing overseas. In the third section, I examine the structures created by the Jamaican government and, finally, I provide a critical appraisal of the process as it has unfolded thus far. I argue that tensions remain regarding the role and functioning of the “new” formalized process compared with the pre-existing bodies, that resources are required to ensure a more equitable functioning of the process and that questions remain about the extent to which the new bodies “represent” the diaspora.”
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Reconstructing the Sikh Diaspora – Kaur – 2011 – International Migration – Wiley Online Library
“The Sikh diaspora, along with the Jewish Diaspora, is perhaps one of the only religious diasporas in the world. The Sikhs are scattered across the globe today. This article is an attempt to outline the reasons for Sikh migration out of Punjab and the role played by the colonial rulers in that migration. It traces the process of migration of Sikhs and their emergence as a diaspora.”
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“Today, Bosnians represent one of the newly emerging and the most widely dispersed diasporic communities from the Balkans. There are large communities of Bosnians living in almost every European country, as well as throughout North America and Australia. Most were displaced during the 1992–1995 Bosnian war, in which 2.2 million people were forced to leave their homes, 1.6 million of whom looked for refuge abroad. In contrast with, and in response to, the enforced displacement, many members of the Bosnian diaspora have retained strong family and other “informal” social ties with both Bosnians in other countries and those still living in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH, or Bosnia). Such ties – focused on preservation of cultural memory and performance of distinct local identities – form the basis of the global network of the Bosnian diaspora and its link with the original home (land). In this paper, I briefly outline the links and networks that constitute diaspora, and then go on to explore the extent to which recent scholarly literature is able to “capture” the uniqueness and complexity of the Bosnian diasporic communities in Australia, the United States (U.S.) and Europe. Finally, I attempt to define the concept of “trans-localism” and how it is (per)formed, and suggest that the predominantly “transnational” conceptual framework within the migration studies needs to be expanded to include “trans-local” diasporic identity formation among displaced Bosnians and similar diaspora groups.”
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“This article identifies information provision services in emergency settings using Zambia as a case study by identifying innovative ways of providing library and information services. The thrust of the article is to analyze information management practices of organizations that work within refugee camps and how they take specific cognizance of the cultural sensitivities, fears and insecurities, and diverse disparities of the community in terms of literacy levels. It highlights aspects of library and information services provision in emergency situations so that successful ones can be adopted into policy and practice.”
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“Often, newly resettled refugees continue to face obstacles to acculturation long after initial resettlement. Findings from interviews with Karen refugees from Burma suggest that recently resettled refugees experience major obstacles in locating and accessing employment and health care due to language and transportation barriers. Interviewees expressed a need for assistance in learning English and help with transportation, job skills, and financial planning. Results of this needs assessment indicate that many of the basic needs of refugees are not being met following the initial relocation period, and significant efforts are needed to achieve social justice for this vulnerable population.”
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“This paper seeks to understand the process by which immigrants decide whether or not to return to their home countries. It aims to analyse the potential for return migration rather than the actual migration process. Empirically, it is based on the narratives of 30 Turkish immigrants living in the United States. The findings indicate that: (1) multiple controllable and uncontrollable, micro- and macro-level factors in both the home and the host countries interact over time to tip the scales towards – or away from – return migration; and (2) most immigrants live in a perpetual state of ambivalence about whether or not to engage in return migration. These findings are discussed, and implications are presented for both practice and policy.”
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“Diasporas contribute to their homeland’s development through remittances, philanthropy, skills transfer, business investment, and advocacy. This paper focuses on actions that homeland governments can take to create an enabling environment for diasporas’ contributions. Part I addresses the diaspora phenomenon and the homeland government-diaspora relationship. Part II develops a framework for characterizing government’s role in an enabling environment specific to diasporas’ development contributions. Part III considers how to put the framework into practice, identifying important caveats and discussing several implementation issues, including the potential role of donors. The framework is also a tool for diasporans to strategically advocate for improved enabling environments.”
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Millions of Zimbabweans living abroad have been described as an emerging diaspora. However, there has been little attempt to question their designation as a diaspora, or indeed, to engage with the more theoretically informed and conceptually rich literature on diaspora. The assumption in this categorisation relies heavily upon popular usage of the term diaspora among Zimbabweans themselves both abroad and in the homeland. However, instead of suppressing discussion by simply pronouncing them “a diaspora”, it is important to examine whether or not they constitute a diaspora. Drawing on the concepts of diaspora and transnationalism and on the author’s multi-sited ethnographic research in the United Kingdom (hereafter, “Britain”), the article examines how the diaspora was dispersed, how it is constituted in the hostland and how it maintains connections with the homeland. What factors influenced people’s decisions to migrate into the diaspora and how can these phases be classified? What types of migration patterns characterise Zimbabweans’ migration to Britain? The study explores the origin, formation and articulation of the Zimbabwean diaspora in Britain, providing a conceptual and theoretical interpretation of the social formation vis-à-vis other accounts of global diasporas. The findings of this study suggest that Zimbabweans abroad are a fractured transnational diaspora. The scattering of Zimbabweans evinces some of the features commonly ascribed to a diaspora such as involuntary and voluntary dispersion of the population from the homeland; settlement in foreign territories and uneasy relationship with the hostland; strong attachment and connection to the original homeland; and the maintenance of diverse diasporic identities. The study represents a contribution to our knowledge of the Zimbabwean diaspora in particular and to the field of diaspora and transnational studies in general.
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“The debate over immigration continues to be one of the most politically charged policy issues in the United States (US). Given the charged nature of this topic, it is vitally important to have reliable data on not only the number of US foreign nationals but also the characteristics of this extremely heterogeneous group – a population comprised not only of immigrants but also of refugees. There exist a small number of data sources for informing policy and practice at the national level. However, such data are often lacking for smaller geographical areas. This paper describes a recent effort to generate serviceable data on the immigrant and refugee population for a medium-sized metropolitan area in the US.
The objectives of this research were twofold. Our first goal was to provide local stakeholders with information to assist them with resettling and obtaining funding for immigrants and refugees. The second aim was to develop better techniques for tabulating diverse refugees and immigrants in a medium-sized community. By comparing and contrasting three data sources – that is, refugee services, public schools and a local health plan – we are able to generate estimates of the local refugee and immigrant population.
During the period from 2005 to 2007, we estimate the total number of immigrants and refugees in the community to be somewhere between 10,938 and 13,282. Although perhaps a bit on the high end due to methodological assumptions, these estimates seem plausible, based on previously cited figures for the region. While such estimates are valuable, a number of shortcomings related to the data prevent us from painting a more complete picture of these populations. We conclude this paper with a number of recommendations that will assist others in planning research designed to inform migration policy and practice in medium-sized metropolitan areas.”
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“This paper examines claims made about the role of ‘expert knowledge’ in analysing the language of individuals seeking asylum in the UK. I treat policy as a type of power and seek to understand how this policy uses the language of science to further the British government’s stated interest to provide ‘secure borders’ and a ‘safe haven’ for refugees. I look at how the Home Office defines, shapes and implements the policy, and at how the policy has influenced judicial decisions. In short I unmask UKBA’s claim that it relies upon expert, scientific knowledge to assess asylum claims.”
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Perceptions of tuberculosis among immi… [J Immigr Minor Health. 2012] – PubMed – NCBI
“English as a Second Language programs serve large foreign-born populations in the US with elevated risks of tuberculosis (TB), yet little is known about TB perceptions in these settings. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we elicited perceptions about TB among immigrant and refugee learners and staff at a diverse adult education center. Community partners were trained in focus groups moderation. Ten focus groups were conducted with 83 learners and staff. Multi-level, team-based qualitative analysis was conducted to develop themes that informed a model of TB perceptions among participants. Multiple challenges with TB control and prevention were identified. There were a variety of misperceptions about transmission of TB, and a lack of knowledge about latent TB. Feelings and perceptions related to TB included secrecy, shame, fear, and isolation. Barriers to TB testing include low awareness, lack of knowledge about latent TB, and the practical considerations of transportation, cost, and work schedule conflicts. Barriers to medication use include suspicion of generic medications and perceived side effects. We posit adult education centers with large immigrant and refugee populations as excellent venues for TB prevention, and propose several recommendations for conducting these programs. Content should dispel the most compelling misperceptions about TB transmission while clarifying the difference between active and latent disease. Learners should be educated about TB in the US and that it is curable. Finally, TB programs that include learners and staff in their design and implementation provide greater opportunity for overcoming previously unrecognized barriers.”
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“This article examines shifting attitudes toward rural migrants in Lampung Province, on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, in the context of a history of enclosure, commercial expansion, and dispossession. The author examines how contemporary multi-local livelihoods in Lampung reflect an adaptation to the vulnerabilities associated with being a migrant, as people position themselves to qualify for livelihood resources. The author’s interpretation draws on Michel Foucault’s analysis of the production of governable subjects and, in particular, norms of conduct that produce subjectivities and identities that “fit.” The article explores how different policy phases associated with environmental governance in Lampung have created contrasting positionings and norms of conduct for migrants, as they have been defined, on the one hand, as pioneer entrepreneurs, bringing progress to Indonesia’s hinterland, and, on the other, as forest squatters, threatening the cultural and ecological integrity of the province. The author suggests that rural migrants have attempted to resolve their problematic positioning through multi-local livelihoods, which combine access to nonlocal income through temporary migration with the maintenance of a foothold that signals belonging and legitimate entitlement to state resources.”
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“Guided by Kim’s Integrative Theory of Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation, this study examined the role of language competence, interpersonal relationships, and media use in refugee resettlement using data from 315 Bosnians living in St. Louis, Missouri. The participants were recruited via the snowball sampling technique, and their host language competence, host and ethnic interpersonal relationships, host and ethnic media use, functional fitness, psychological health, U.S. cultural and ethnic identity salience, and demographic information were measured. A total of six hypotheses and two research questions were examined. Correlation analyses revealed that host language competence, host and ethnic interpersonal relationships and media use, all positively contribute to refugees’ adaptation.”
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“Children and adolescents who are forcibly displaced represent almost half the world’s internally displaced and refugee populations. We undertook a two-part systematic search and review of the evidence-base for individual, family, community, and societal risk and protective factors for the mental health outcomes of children and adolescents. Here we review data for displacement to low-income and middle-income settings. We draw together the main findings from reports to identify important issues and establish recommendations for future work. We draw attention to exposure to violence as a well established risk factor for poor mental health. We note the paucity of research into predictor variables other than those in the individual domain and the neglect of other variables for the assessment of causal associations, including potential mediators and moderators identifiable in longitudinal work. We conclude with research and policy recommendations to guide the development and assessment of effective interventions.”
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“This article’s purpose is fourfold: to identify gaps in current immigration literature, to discuss the underlying needs that support further immigration policy study, to provide the background information for a new model to study immigration policy, and to introduce a new model to study immigration policy, the Cappiccie Lawson evolution immigration model (CLEIM).”
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Amnesty and Accountability: The Price of Peace in Aceh, Indonesia
“In 2005, the government of Indonesia and representatives of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) signed a Memorandum of Understanding bringing almost 30 years of violent conflict in Aceh to an end. At the centre of the agreement was the provision of an amnesty for GAM combatants that has been widely cited as one of the key reasons for the success of the Aceh peace process. This article assesses the price paid for that peace and its impact on democracy, rule of law and human rights in postconflict Aceh. It demonstrates that although the development of a human rights culture has not eventuated in the five years since the Acehnese war ended, general predictions about the negative impact of amnesties have not materialized in this case. Rather than leaving a significant debt, in this case peace has purchased democratic elections and marked improvements in the material respect for human rights. “
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The 1951 Refugee Convention contains an ‘exclusion clause’ stipulating that individuals who have committed certain serious crimes – including war crimes and crimes against humanity – are not entitled to the protections associated with being a legal refugee. Each time the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) or a resettlement country conducts an evaluation to determine whether an asylum seeker meets the convention criteria, the exclusion provision is considered.
Principles developed in the criminal context figure prominently in exclusion assessments, a practice that is logical and convenient, both because the language of the provision mandates referral to relevant international instruments and because the entire evaluation is based on determining whether the claimant has committed a crime. There are, however, significant challenges associated with transposing legal ‘tests’ and ‘frameworks’ directly from one paradigm to another, and caution must be taken to ensure that underlying principles of fairness and justice are not compromised.
This article critically evaluates the consequences of applying jurisprudence developed in the criminal context to exclusion assessments. Focusing on the UNHCR’s practices in situations of mass influx, it argues that a failure to consider individual and mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously relying on criminal principles that assume these factors form part of the analysis, can lead to unprincipled decisions and extreme injustices. It further suggests that this problem can be remedied through a re-formulation of the proportionality aspect of the UNHCR’s exclusion process.
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Integrating Refugees: The Case for a Minority Rights Based Approach
“There is an increasing tendency for Western European states to extend elements of minority rights protection to so-called ‘new’ minorities through the establishment of detailed integration policies and mechanisms to reduce discrimination, whilst also enabling these groups to maintain their own distinct identity. However, thus far, refugee communities have largely been excluded from these policies, and refugee integration policy has evolved in parallel to minority integration policy, focusing primarily on language and citizenship education. The failure of Western European states to establish effective refugee integration policies has led to barriers to refugee integration, such as intolerance, discrimination and opposition to the maintenance of their distinct identity. Consequently, Western European states are now facing large groups of poorly integrated refugees settling permanently in their territory, which in turn has implications for the cohesiveness and stability of society.
This article argues that in order to ensure the integration of refugees, and hence the cohesiveness of society, it is necessary to enable refugee communities to maintain their distinct identity and reduce discrimination. Further, as the majority of Western European states have already established detailed integration policies in respect of other minority groups, it would be effective and viable to include refugees within these pre-existing policy frameworks. First, in order to highlight the importance of taking a new approach to refugee integration, potential barriers to refugee integration and implications for society are identified by considering the interrelationship between integration and identity. Secondly, selected state and EU practice in respect of refugee integration is considered in the light of minority rights obligations, and the shortcomings in state practice are drawn out. Finally, the question of whether refugee communities can be considered to be minorities within international law is addressed, and the benefit of minority rights based policies regarding integration is considered through an examination of state and NGO run integration projects. “
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“The United States’ system of refugee protection, long a source of national pride and a symbol of United States’ openness to the world’s dispossessed, remains generous in many respects. This system – which encompasses refugees, asylum-seekers, and populations in need of short-term protection – has ambitious goals and diverse responsibilities. It seeks to enable those fleeing persecution to reach protection, while preventing terrorist and criminal infiltration; to identify and admit vulnerable refugees, and to promote their successful integration; to screen out fraudulent political asylum claims, but to ensure that bona fide asylum-seekers can apply for and, if eligible, secure asylum; and to weigh endless requests for temporary protection from groups and individuals. Over the past 20 years, particularly since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, security and enforcement concerns have driven United States’ refugee developments and protection policies have not kept pace. The present article details the increased difficulties bona fide refugees and asylum-seekers face in trying to reach and to gain protection in the United States. It also describes the paucity of legal tools available to admit and to provide temporary status in the United States on humanitarian grounds. It argues that the United States’ system of refugee protection needs policy attention and revitalisation. “
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“The article draws upon a national Socio-Economic Household Survey of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon, conducted by the AUBt in cooperation with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), covering 2,501 Palestinian households, interviewed in 2010. Households in camps as well as gatherings were interviewed, in a total of 32 localities. The survey was financed by a grant of the European Union. The authors gratefully acknowledge invaluable contributions made by UNRWA staff and student volunteers. Many worked long hours in the heat of August, under difficult conditions to collect the data on which the present article is based. For full results, see UNRWA & AUB, Socio-Economic Survey of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon, UNRWA & AUB, 2010. “
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“Abstract (provisional)
BackgroundLittle is known about how positive phenomena can support resettlement of refugees in a new country. The aim of this study was to examine the hopeful thinking in a group of West African quota refugees at arrival and after 6 years in Sweden and compare these thoughts to the views of resettlement support professionals.
MethodThe primary study population comprised 56 adult refugees and 13 resettlement professionals. Qualitative data were collected from the refugees by questionnaires on arrival and 6 years later. Data were collected from the resettlement professionals by interview about 3 years after arrival of the refugees. Snyder’s cognitive model of hope was used to inform the comparative data analyses.
ResultsHopes regarding education were in focus for the refugees shortly after arrival, but thoughts on family reunion were central later in the resettlement process. During the later stages of the resettlement process, the unresponsiveness of the support organization to the family reunion problem became as issue for the refugees. The professionals reported a complex mix of “silent agency thoughts” underlying the local resettlement process as a contributing reason for this unresponsiveness.
ConclusionHopes regarding education and family reunion were central in the resettlement of West African refugees in Sweden. These thoughts were not systematically followed up by the support organization; possibly the resources for refugees were not fully released. More studies are needed to further investigate the motivational factors underpinning host community support of refugees’ hopes and plans. “
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The debate over immigration continues to be one of the most politically charged policy issues in the United States (US). Given the charged nature of this topic, it is vitally important to have reliable data on not only the number of US foreign nationals but also the characteristics of this extremely heterogeneous group – a population comprised not only of immigrants but also of refugees. There exist a small number of data sources for informing policy and practice at the national level. However, such data are often lacking for smaller geographical areas. This paper describes a recent effort to generate serviceable data on the immigrant and refugee population for a medium-sized metropolitan area in the US.
The objectives of this research were twofold. Our first goal was to provide local stakeholders with information to assist them with resettling and obtaining funding for immigrants and refugees. The second aim was to develop better techniques for tabulating diverse refugees and immigrants in a medium-sized community. By comparing and contrasting three data sources – that is, refugee services, public schools and a local health plan – we are able to generate estimates of the local refugee and immigrant population.
During the period from 2005 to 2007, we estimate the total number of immigrants and refugees in the community to be somewhere between 10,938 and 13,282. Although perhaps a bit on the high end due to methodological assumptions, these estimates seem plausible, based on previously cited figures for the region. While such estimates are valuable, a number of shortcomings related to the data prevent us from painting a more complete picture of these populations. We conclude this paper with a number of recommendations that will assist others in planning research designed to inform migration policy and practice in medium-sized metropolitan areas.
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“China’s rapid economic development has been accompanied by new forms of immigration. Investors and professionals from developed countries are increasingly joined by a diverse group of immigrants from around the world. While there is a large body of academic literature on Chinese emigration, China’s new role as a country of immigration has received less scholarly attention. This paper addresses the dynamics of South–South migration to China through a study of Nigerians in Guangzhou, a major international trading hub. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews and participant observation among African traders and migrants in Guangzhou. The paper contends that Nigerian immigration to China epitomizes global migration trends towards a diversification of migration flows, commercialization of the migration process and increased policing of foreigners within national borders. China was rarely the preferred destination of this study’s Nigerian informants but, rather, a palatable alternative, as their aspirations to enter Europe and North America were curtailed by restrictive immigration regimes. They escaped a situation of involuntary immobility in Nigeria through short-term visas obtained with the help of migration brokers. However, opportunities for visa renewals are scant under the current Chinese immigration policy. Undocumented migrants find their mobility severely inhibited: They must carefully assess how, when and with whom they move about in order to avoid police interception. This is a business impediment, as well as a source of personal distress for migrants who engage in trade and the provision of trade-related services. The situation can be described as a “second state of immobility”: the migrants have succeeded in the difficult project of emigration, but find themselves spatially entrapped in new ways in their destination country.”
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The Diversity Visa (DV) programme is designed to improve the multicultural composition of the U.S. “melting pot” beyond the traditional source countries in Europe. In pursuit of this objective, the basic eligibility requirement for participation in the programme is a high school diploma. Despite its salutary objective and design, the programme’s implications for the African brain drain may not all be benign. The “tired, poor, huddled masses” from Africa are defined in more restrictive terms, and the obstacles they face are more economically and administratively onerous than those encountered by their early European counterparts. The costs of transforming a lottery win to an actual diversity visa and Green Card are so high that only Africans in well-paying jobs, who are likely to be professionals rather than mere high school graduates, are likely to be able to afford the full costs of programme participation. In this sense, the programme has an in-built, skills-selective mechanism. The main objective of this study is to examine the extent to which the DV has facilitated the movement of professional, technical and kindred workers (PTKs) from Africa to the United States, and some of the economic and policy implications of the process.
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New Journal Articles- ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Aging Studies - Space, time, and self: Rethinking aging in the contexts of immigration and transnationalism Thursday, May 24, 2012"Critical gerontology views aging as a social construction that reflects the intersections of micro-processes with the macro-level forces of individual aging experiences. In the contexts of immigration and transnationalism, however, the macro-structural conditions, dynamics and experiences of aging have become further diversified and complicated. The de […]
- Empathy and Expertise: Case Workers and Immigration/Asylum Applicants in London - James - 2012 - Law & Social Inquiry - Wiley Online Library Wednesday, May 23, 2012"Under recent reforms, the UK government has eroded state funding for civil legal aid. Funding cuts affect asylum and immigration law as produced, practiced, and mediated in the course of interactions between case workers and their clients in legal-aid-funded Law Centers in South London. The article explores the contradictory character of one-on-one rel […]
- Treatment for childhood refugee trauma: A randomized, controlled trial. | information for practice Wednesday, May 23, 2012"The authors investigated the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy (CCPT) in comparison with an evidence-based intervention, trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) with traumatized refugee children aged 6 to 13. Thirty-one traumatized refugee children were randomly assigned to participate in CCPT or TF-CBT in the elementary school […]
- Taylor & Francis Online :: Rwanda's first refugees: Tutsi exile and international response 1959–64 - Journal of Eastern African Studies - Volume 6, Issue 2 Wednesday, May 23, 2012"By the time Rwanda gained independence from Belgium in 1962, 200,000 Rwandan Tutsi had left to seek exile in neighbouring states. Drawing on British archives, this article traces international responses to this refugee crisis in Uganda, arguing that the political subtleties of this displacement are often overlooked. British officials' anxious resp […]
- Taylor & Francis Online :: Do no harm: assessing a military approach to the Lord's Resistance Army - Journal of Eastern African Studies - Volume 6, Issue 2 Wednesday, May 23, 2012"In October 2011 the US announced the deployment of 100 special force troops to assist the Ugandan army against the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). For several years the originally northern Ugandan rebel group has been active in neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and South Sudan. The announcement generated mixed re […]
- Discovering Immigration into Turkey: The Emergence of a Dynamic Field - Tolay - 2012 - International Migration - Wiley Online Library Wednesday, May 23, 2012"In the last couple of decades, Turkey has become an important country of immigration. In parallel, a new scholarly field has developed to study this largely unrecognized phenomenon. In this paper, I take stock of this new literature. I first show how students of immigration into Turkey had to define the field in relation to the powerful existing fields […]
- How Responsive are Remittances to Recipients’ Welfare? Evidence from Fiji - Jimenez - 2012 - International Migration - Wiley Online Library Wednesday, May 23, 2012"Using data from a customized household survey in Fiji, we assess the extent to which remittances are motivated by the migrants’ commitment to provide social protection to their families back home. We test this hypothesis by estimating econometrically the responsiveness of migrants’ remittances to the perceived financial need of recipients. We extend a […]
- Crossing Boundaries: Internal, Regional and International Migration in Cameroon - Mberu - 2012 - International Migration - Wiley Online Library Wednesday, May 23, 2012"Internal and international migration increasingly continues to be of global importance for development policies and programmes, but the dearth of data on migration for African countries and the limited focus on the structural conditions that motivate migration from specific localities within the region remain glaring. In this study, we examine the patt […]
- Immigrant Fertility: A Comparative Study between Italy and Russia - Mussino - 2012 - International Migration - Wiley Online Library Wednesday, May 23, 2012"In this paper, we contribute to the analysis of fertility differentials between female migrants and the native-born by examining the transition to first child using event history analysis. We use event history as a quantitative translation of the life-course approach. The data examined are the Italian Families and Social Subjects (FSS) survey, conducte […]
- Household Migration, Remittances and Their Impact on Health in Indonesia - Lu - 2012 - International Migration - Wiley Online Library Wednesday, May 23, 2012"The growing flow of migrants’ remittances has generated much interest in understanding the socio-economic consequences of household migration for individuals and families in migrant-sending areas. In this paper, I examine the effect of household migration on health status, as measured by nutritional status, of adults who have remained behind in rural I […]
- ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Aging Studies - Space, time, and self: Rethinking aging in the contexts of immigration and transnationalism Thursday, May 24, 2012
- Archive Items Received
- Immigration law [2011 ed.].. Saturday, April 30, 2011By Kevin Browne.refugee_archives
- Go home or die here : violence, xenophobia and the reinvention of difference in South Africa Saturday, April 30, 2011By Shireen Hassim; Tawana Kupe; and Eric Worbyrefugee_archives
- Fighting for Darfur : public action and the struggle to stop the genocide Saturday, April 30, 2011By Rebecca Hamilton 1977-refugee_archives
- Core documents on European and international human rights Saturday, April 30, 2011Compiled by Rhona K. M. Smithrefugee_archives
- Add to e-Shelf A child from everywhere : photographs and interviews of children from 185 countries living in the UK Saturday, April 30, 2011By Caroline Irbyrefugee_archives
- Managing the undesirables : refugee camps and humanitarian government Saturday, April 30, 2011By Michel Agier 1953-refugee_archives
- Cultures in contact : world migrations in the second millennium Saturday, April 30, 2011By Dirk Hoerderrefugee_archives
- Exiles from european revolutions refugees : refugees in mid-Victorian England Saturday, April 30, 2011Proceedings of Conference : Flotsam of Revolution (1999 : London, England)refugee_archives
- Still targeted : continued persecution of Iraq's minorities Saturday, April 30, 2011By Mumtaz Lalani for Minority Rights Group International.refugee_archives
- Rights displaced : forced returns of Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians from Western Europe to Kosovo Thursday, February 3, 2011Refugees -- Kosovo (Republic)refugee_archives
- Immigration law [2011 ed.].. Saturday, April 30, 2011
- Archive Items Ordered
- Immigration law [2011 ed.].. Saturday, April 30, 2011By Kevin Browne.refugee_archives
- Go home or die here : violence, xenophobia and the reinvention of difference in South Africa Saturday, April 30, 2011By Shireen Hassim; Tawana Kupe; and Eric Worbyrefugee_archives
- Fighting for Darfur : public action and the struggle to stop the genocide Saturday, April 30, 2011By Rebecca Hamilton 1977-refugee_archives
- Core documents on European and international human rights Saturday, April 30, 2011Compiled by Rhona K. M. Smithrefugee_archives
- Add to e-Shelf A child from everywhere : photographs and interviews of children from 185 countries living in the UK Saturday, April 30, 2011By Caroline Irbyrefugee_archives
- Managing the undesirables : refugee camps and humanitarian government Saturday, April 30, 2011By Michel Agier 1953-refugee_archives
- Add to e-Shelf States in conflict with their minorities : challenges to minority rights in South Asia Saturday, April 30, 2011By Rita Manchandarefugee_archives
- Cultures in contact : world migrations in the second millennium Saturday, April 30, 2011By Dirk Hoerderrefugee_archives
- Exiles from european revolutions refugees : refugees in mid-Victorian England Saturday, April 30, 2011Proceedings of Conference : Flotsam of Revolution (1999 : London, England)refugee_archives
- Still targeted : continued persecution of Iraq's minorities Saturday, April 30, 2011By Mumtaz Lalani for Minority Rights Group International.refugee_archives
- Immigration law [2011 ed.].. Saturday, April 30, 2011
- Library Items Received
- Ethnic conflict : causes, consequences, responses Saturday, April 30, 2011By Karl Cordell 1956-, and Stefan Wolff 1969-refugee_archives
- Doing research with refugees : issues and guidelines Saturday, April 30, 2011By Rhetta Moran and Bogusia Templerefugee_archives
- New European identity and citizenship Saturday, April 30, 2011By Remy Leveau and Khadija Mohsen-Finanrefugee_archives
- Ethnicity and race : making identities in a changing world Monday, April 18, 2011Racerefugee_archives
- The sociology of war and violence Monday, April 18, 2011War and societyrefugee_archives
- Citizenship, identity and immigration in the European Union: between past and future. Monday, April 18, 2011 refugee_archives
- Trauma, Media, Art: New Perspectives. Friday, November 19, 2010 refugee_archives
- Conservation and mobile indigenous peoples : displacement, forced settlement, and sustainable development Monday, February 14, 2011Nature -- Effect of human beings on -- Congressesrefugee_archives
- Refugees and development in Africa Monday, April 18, 2011Dveloppement conomique -- Aspect social -- Congrsrefugee_archives
- The collective responsibility of states to protect refugees Monday, April 18, 2011Refugees -- Legal status, laws, etcrefugee_archives
- Ethnic conflict : causes, consequences, responses Saturday, April 30, 2011
- Library Items Ordered
- Ethnic conflict : causes, consequences, responses Saturday, April 30, 2011By Karl Cordell 1956-, and Stefan Wolff 1969-refugee_archives
- Doing research with refugees : issues and guidelines Saturday, April 30, 2011By Rhetta Moran and Bogusia Templerefugee_archives
- New European identity and citizenship Saturday, April 30, 2011By Remy Leveau and Khadija Mohsen-Finanrefugee_archives
- Religion, culture and the state : reflections on the Bouchard-Taylor report Monday, April 18, 2011 refugee_archives
- The ethics of migration research methodology : dealing with vulnerable immigrants Tuesday, March 15, 2011Alien criminals -- Researchrefugee_archives
- Doing research with refugees : issues and guidelines Tuesday, March 15, 2011Refugees -- Services for -- Researchrefugee_archives
- Ethnicity and race : making identities in a changing world Monday, April 18, 2011Racerefugee_archives
- The sociology of war and violence Monday, April 18, 2011War and societyrefugee_archives
- Gendering the international asylum and refugee debate Tuesday, March 15, 2011Women refugees -- Social conditionsrefugee_archives
- Citizenship, identity and immigration in the European Union: between past and future. Monday, April 18, 2011 refugee_archives
- Ethnic conflict : causes, consequences, responses Saturday, April 30, 2011
- Archives Watch Blog Postings
- News: Tunisia and the Archives of the Secret Police Saturday, January 7, 2012 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News: Seoul Opens North Korea Human Rights Documentation Center and Archive Saturday, January 7, 2012 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News: Archivist notes Importance of South African History Saturday, January 7, 2012 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News: Digital archive of Guatemala’s police force launched at conference Thursday, January 5, 2012 Refugee Archives at UEL
- ICA December Human Rights Working Group News Thursday, January 5, 2012 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News : Rwanda – The Audio-Visual Record of a Brutalized Nation Monday, October 17, 2011 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News : Mia Farrow Documents Darfuri Culture; Donates Work to UConn Monday, October 17, 2011 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News : Archives After Conflict in Guatemala, Sierra Leone and South Africa – A Wilson Center Video Monday, October 17, 2011 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News: Sada Mire – Uncovering Somalia’s Heritage Monday, October 17, 2011 Refugee Archives at UEL
- News : Tunisians discover secret archive in Paris Monday, October 17, 2011 Refugee Archives at UEL
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